{"id":27020,"date":"2026-09-09T11:11:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T08:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/economic-development-and-inequality-in-the-arab-region\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T13:51:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T10:51:18","slug":"economic-development-and-inequality-in-the-arab-region","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/economic-development-and-inequality-in-the-arab-region\/","title":{"rendered":"Economic Development and Inequality in the Arab Region"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"27020\" class=\"elementor elementor-27020 elementor-26251\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69bcb00 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69bcb00\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c16d67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c16d67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Economic Development and Inequality in the Arab Region<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-608d867 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"608d867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acee68d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"acee68d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8b210a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8b210a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Objectives of this module<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaa0175 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"eaa0175\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2784e23 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2784e23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed34a3f e-con-full annd-number-circle e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ed34a3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63e7ff9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63e7ff9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1660611 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1660611\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">From Economic Growth to Economic Development<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-711e69e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"711e69e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIntroducing core concepts related to economic development, inequality, and tax justice\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56536b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56536b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf48546 e-con-full annd-number-circle e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cf48546\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b21b55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b21b55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8db94ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8db94ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Presentation of the Concept of Inequality\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c48bb80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c48bb80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAddressing economic inequality from a gender perspective by highlighting the unequal impact of economic systems and policies on women and the most vulnerable population groups\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4701581 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4701581\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-803bbf0 e-con-full annd-number-circle e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"803bbf0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2956eed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2956eed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-134646c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"134646c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> Tax Justice<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d2207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31d2207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExamining tax justice and exploring how tax policies, public spending, and economic reforms contribute to reducing inequalities between women and men, particularly for marginalized communities and groups \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7465df1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7465df1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07d3df5 e-con-full annd-number-circle e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"07d3df5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0491df1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0491df1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-010234f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"010234f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tax Systems in the Arab Region<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ed27f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54ed27f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Analyzing the impact of economic policies on reducing financial inequality and gender-based gaps in the Arab region\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8719e35 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8719e35\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f9b27a e-con-full annd-number-circle e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f9b27a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b2492c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b2492c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d5eca6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d5eca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The International Convention\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e04ea1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e04ea1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEquipping participants with the knowledge and tools necessary to enable them to advocate for tax justice and promote inclusive economic policies in their countries\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2735621 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2735621\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-016f45d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"016f45d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Module content<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77985a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77985a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Start with the first course, then continue the courses in order from 1 to 5 <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7497c62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-ld-courses\" data-id=\"7497c62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ld-courses.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"learndash-content\" class=\"learndash-course-list learndash-course-list--elementor learndash-course-list--classic noSearch learndash-course-list--featured\">\n\t<form data-current_page_url=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/economic-development-and-inequality-in-the-arab-region\/\" id=\"bb-courses-directory-form\" class=\"bb-elementor-widget bb-courses-directory\" method=\"get\" action=\"\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"current_page\" value=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex align-items-center bb-courses-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"ld-secondary-header\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-secondary-list-tabs flex align-items-center\" id=\"subnav\" aria-label=\"Members directory secondary navigation\" role=\"navigation\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"course-order\" name=\"order\" value=\"desc\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"post-per-page\" name=\"posts_per_page\" value=\"5\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"current-page\" name=\"current_page\" value=\"1\"\/>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sfwd-courses-filters flex push-right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"select-wrap hide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<select id=\"sfwd_prs-order-by\" name=\"orderby\" aria-label=\"Order by\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='alphabetical'  selected='selected'>Alphabetical<\/option><option value='recent' >Newly Created<\/option>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"filter-block-categories\" value=\"293\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"select-wrap hide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<select id=\"sfwd_instructors-order-by\" name=\"filter-instructors\" aria-label=\"Filter by instructor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='all'>All Instructors<\/option><option value='2' >Dana Jawad<\/option><option value='3' >Kevin Geara<\/option><option value='1' >\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0634<\/option>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-filters hide\" data-view=\"ld-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"layout-view layout-view-course layout-grid-view bp-tooltip active\" data-view=\"grid\" data-bp-tooltip-pos=\"up\" data-bp-tooltip=\"Grid View\" aria-label=\"Grid View\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-screenoptions\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"layout-view layout-view-course layout-list-view bp-tooltip \" data-view=\"list\" data-bp-tooltip-pos=\"up\" data-bp-tooltip=\"List View\" aria-label=\"List View\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-menu\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-view bb-grid grid-box-\">\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"course-dir-list\" class=\"course-dir-list bs-dir-list columns-3 course-dir-list--media course-dir-list--status\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"bb-card-list bb-course-items list-view bb-list hide \" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-relevant=\"all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"From Economic Growth to Economic Development\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/from-economic-growth-to-economic-development\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0000_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-1-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0000_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0000_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-1.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">8 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"From Economic Growth to Economic Development\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/from-economic-growth-to-economic-development\/\">From Economic Growth to Economic Development<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"Presentation of the Concept of Inequality\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/20849\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0001_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-2-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0001_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-2-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0001_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-2.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">14 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Presentation of the Concept of Inequality\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/20849\/\">Presentation of the Concept of Inequality<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"Tax Justice\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/tax-justice\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0002_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_01-AM-3-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0002_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_01-AM-3-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0002_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_01-AM-3.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">15 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Tax Justice\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/tax-justice\/\">Tax Justice<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"Tax Systems in the Arab Region\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/tax-systems-in-the-arab-region\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0003_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-4-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0003_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-4-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0003_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-4.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">4 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Tax Systems in the Arab Region\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/tax-systems-in-the-arab-region\/\">Tax Systems in the Arab Region<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"The International Convention\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/the-international-convention\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0004_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-5-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0004_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-5-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0004_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-5.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">4 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"The International Convention\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/the-international-convention\/\">The International Convention<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"bb-card-list bb-course-items grid-view bb-grid  \" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-relevant=\"all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"From Economic Growth to Economic Development\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/from-economic-growth-to-economic-development\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0000_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-1-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0000_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0000_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-1.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">8 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"From Economic Growth to Economic Development\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/from-economic-growth-to-economic-development\/\">From Economic Growth to Economic Development<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"Presentation of the Concept of Inequality\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/20849\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0001_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-2-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0001_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-2-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0001_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_00-AM-2.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">14 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Presentation of the Concept of Inequality\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/20849\/\">Presentation of the Concept of Inequality<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"Tax Justice\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/tax-justice\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0002_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_01-AM-3-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0002_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_01-AM-3-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0002_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_01-AM-3.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">15 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Tax Justice\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/tax-justice\/\">Tax Justice<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"Tax Systems in the Arab Region\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/tax-systems-in-the-arab-region\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0003_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-4-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0003_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-4-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0003_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-4.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">4 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Tax Systems in the Arab Region\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/tax-systems-in-the-arab-region\/\">Tax Systems in the Arab Region<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"bb-course-item-wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"bb-cover-list-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-cover\">\n\t\t\t<a title=\"The International Convention\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/the-international-convention\/\" class=\"bb-cover-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ld-status ld-status-incomplete ld-third-background\">Free<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0004_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-5-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0004_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-5-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/annd_0004_ChatGPT-Image-Sep-9-2026-11_34_02-AM-5.webp 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-card-course-details bb-card-course-details--noAccess\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"course-lesson-count\">4 Lessons<\/div>\t\t\t<h2 class=\"bb-course-title \">\n\t\t\t\t<a title=\"The International Convention\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/courses\/the-international-convention\/\">The International Convention<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bb-course-excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Economic Development and Inequality in the Arab Region Objectives of this module 1 From Economic Growth to Economic Development Introducing core concepts related to economic&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27060,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"course_group":[306],"class_list":["post-27020","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","course_group-courses"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27020"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27065,"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27020\/revisions\/27065"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"course_group","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.annd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/course_group?post=27020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}